The Hidden Reef - Aquariums, Fish, Coral, Ponds The Hidden ReefAquariums · Fish · Coral · Ponds
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Start smarter, fix problems faster.

Practical care guides for choosing equipment, understanding water quality, and troubleshooting the problems you actually run into at home.

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New setup

Start a Tank

Step-by-step guidance for setting up a healthy, thriving aquarium.

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Diagnosis

Fix a Problem

Find solutions to common issues and get your tank back on track.

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Gear help

Equipment

Compare filters, pumps, heaters, lighting, and more to find what's right.

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Routine care

Care Guides

Weekly routines, water changes, feeding, testing, and quarantine basics.

Feeding basics
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Browse every guide and resource in one complete library.

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Explore Our Guide Library

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Starter & Care Checklists

Choose the guide you need, then open the full page or supporting section.
Freshwater start

First Tank Checklist

The full beginner setup guide: first shopping trip, equipment, water prep, cycling, and first livestock.

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Reef start

Saltwater Setup Basics

Start with the core saltwater plan: prepared water or RO/DI, salinity tools, flow, rock, sand, and testing.

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Routine care

Weekly Maintenance

A simple weekly rhythm for testing, water changes, glass cleaning, filter checks, and catching problems early.

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Daily care

Feeding Basics

Portion size, food rotation, warning signs of overfeeding, and how to match food to the fish in the tank.

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Filtration & Equipment

One consolidated filtration area for freshwater, planted displays, saltwater, reef systems, UV, reactors, skimmers, and sumps.
Filter choice

Which Filter Do I Need?

Compare HOB filters, sponge filters, canisters, sumps, all-in-one chambers, flow needs, and maintenance tradeoffs.

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Media roles

Filter Media Types

Understand sponge, floss, ceramic bio media, carbon, phosphate remover, and safe replacement habits.

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Start with tradeoffs, not one right answer

Most aquarium equipment can work in more than one kind of tank. The better question is what you want the setup to feel like day to day: quiet, easy to service, expandable, compact, reef-ready, budget-conscious, or built around a specific animal.

Maintenance style Easy access vs hidden gear

HOB filters, sponge filters, canisters, and sumps all solve filtration differently. The right choice often depends on how you like to clean.

Livestock needs Flow, safety, and stability

Fry, shrimp, goldfish, coral, pond fish, and planted tanks can push the same equipment choice in different directions.

Room to grow Simple now, expandable later

A compact setup may be perfect today. A larger reef, high-bioload tank, or automated system may benefit from space for future gear.

Store conversation Bring the tank details

Tank size, livestock, photos, goals, and current test results let staff compare good options instead of forcing a generic answer.

Freshwater & General

Click a filtration system to open its diagram, use case, and maintenance notes.

Compact filter Internal Power Filter

Best for compact tanks where the filter sits inside the aquarium and keeps equipment out of sight behind plants or hardscape.
Internal power filter aquarium filtration system diagram Click to enlarge

Internal Power Filter

Best for compact tanks where the filter sits inside the aquarium and keeps equipment out of sight behind plants or hardscape.

  • Good beginner visual for mechanical, biological, and optional chemical filtration.
  • Pairs naturally with filter media, replacement sponges, cartridges, and water conditioners.
  • Maintenance message is strong: rinse sponge in tank water and do not replace all biological media at once.
Gentle biological filter Sponge Filter

Best for low-flow tanks, fry, shrimp, quarantine systems, and simple biological filtration powered by an air pump.
Sponge filter aquarium filtration system diagram Click to enlarge

Sponge Filter

Best for low-flow tanks, fry, shrimp, quarantine systems, and simple biological filtration powered by an air pump.

  • Shows why the air pump, check valve, airline, uplift tube, and sponge all matter.
  • Clear path for choosing air pumps, valves, tubing, replacement sponge, and brushes.
  • Useful beginner note: old sponges are beneficial bacteria colonies, not trash.
External filter Canister Filter

Best when you want to understand an external canister system: intake, media layers, return flow, and routine maintenance.
Canister aquarium filtration system diagram Click to enlarge

Canister Filter

Best when you want to understand an external canister system: intake, media layers, return flow, and routine maintenance.

  • Good bridge between simple internal filters and larger external filter systems.
  • Clear path for choosing sponge media, ceramic rings, activated carbon, replacement parts, and impeller cleaning tools.
  • Strong maintenance note: preserve biological media and keep water changes part of the routine.
Easy all-around filter Hang-On-Back Filter

Best for small to medium freshwater tanks when you want simple setup, easy access, and visible waterfall return flow.
Hang-on-back aquarium filtration system diagram Click to enlarge

Hang-On-Back Filter

Best for small to medium freshwater tanks when you want simple setup, easy access, and visible waterfall return flow.

  • Shows exactly why intake strainers, impellers, media order, and water level matter.
  • Natural fit for cartridge/media replacement, intake sponges, carbon, ceramic media, and flow troubleshooting.
  • Useful explanation for reducing noise, keeping flow strong, and avoiding tap-water media rinses.
High-capacity system Sump Filtration

Best for larger freshwater planted tanks, high bioload displays, reef tanks, and systems that need room for pumps, media, and hidden equipment.
Sump aquarium filtration system diagram for a planted freshwater aquarium Click to enlarge

Sump Filtration

Best for larger freshwater planted tanks, high bioload displays, reef tanks, and systems that need room for pumps, media, and hidden equipment.

  • Explains the full water path from overflow to drain line, sump chambers, return pump, and display tank.
  • Supports serious setup planning for plumbing, filter socks, ceramic media, carbon, pumps, and top-off habits.
  • Works as a general sump visual because the same plumbing idea can support freshwater, planted, or reef systems with different media choices.
Water clarity support UV Sterilizer

Best as a supplemental water-clarity and free-floating organism control tool for freshwater, saltwater, pond, and quarantine systems when matched to the right flow rate.
UV sterilizer aquarium system diagram showing UV-C lamp, quartz sleeve, flow path, and return plumbing Click to enlarge

UV Sterilizer

Best as a supplemental water-clarity and free-floating organism control tool for freshwater, saltwater, pond, and quarantine systems when matched to the right flow rate.

  • Shows the feed pump or manifold, inlet line, UV housing, quartz sleeve, UV-C lamp, water path, outlet line, and return to the aquarium or sump.
  • Helps you compare UV wattage, replacement bulbs, pumps, tubing, flow control, and routine sleeve cleaning.
  • Clear husbandry note: slower flow increases contact time, but UV does not replace biological filtration, quarantine, or good maintenance.

Saltwater & Reef

Click a reef or saltwater system to compare live rock, sumps, reactors, skimmers, and compact all-in-one filtration.

Natural biofilter Live Rock Biofiltration

Best for reef aquariums where live rock is both habitat and a biological filter that supports bacteria, microfauna, and long-term stability.
Live rock saltwater biological filtration system diagram Click to enlarge

Live Rock Biofiltration

Best for reef aquariums where live rock is both habitat and a biological filter that supports bacteria, microfauna, and long-term stability.

  • Explains why porous rock, water movement, microfauna, and bacterial colonies all matter in a saltwater system.
  • Natural path for choosing live rock, reef-safe flow pumps, protein skimmers, saltwater test kits, and quarantine supplies.
  • Strong husbandry message: never sterilize or replace all live rock at once, and keep detritus from building up.
Reef-ready sump Saltwater Sump

Best for reef-ready tanks that need more water volume, cleaner equipment placement, protein skimming, refugium space, and stronger nutrient export.
Sump saltwater aquarium filtration system diagram Click to enlarge

Saltwater Sump

Best for reef-ready tanks that need more water volume, cleaner equipment placement, protein skimming, refugium space, and stronger nutrient export.

  • Shows the full reef water path: overflow, drain line, mechanical stage, skimmer, live rock rubble, refugium, return pump, and return line.
  • Helps you compare skimmers, socks, return pumps, macroalgae, live rock, and RO/DI top-off habits.
  • Good planning visual when you are moving from basic filtration into a serious reef system.
Same HOB, marine use Using a HOB on Saltwater

The filter body is not fundamentally different from a freshwater HOB. This guide shows how the same style of filter is used on small marine tanks, quarantine systems, nano reefs, hospital tanks, and fish-only saltwater aquariums.
Hang-on-back filter used on a saltwater aquarium diagram Click to enlarge

Using a HOB on Saltwater

The filter body is not fundamentally different from a freshwater HOB. This guide shows how the same style of filter is used on small marine tanks, quarantine systems, nano reefs, hospital tanks, and fish-only saltwater aquariums.

  • Shows intake, strainer, impeller, filter floss, carbon, live rock rubble, and waterfall return in one easy-to-follow layout.
  • Highlights saltwater-specific care: rinse media in saltwater or removed tank water, monitor salinity, and add flow when needed.
  • Useful bridge when you want marine filtration without drilling or plumbing.
Nano reef setup All-In-One Saltwater

Best for nano and medium reef aquariums where the display and filtration chambers are combined into one compact footprint.
All-in-one saltwater aquarium filtration system diagram Click to enlarge

All-In-One Saltwater

Best for nano and medium reef aquariums where the display and filtration chambers are combined into one compact footprint.

  • Explains rear-chamber filtration: overflow slots, filter floss, media basket, biological media, optional skimmer, baffles, heater, return pump, and nozzle.
  • Natural fit for nano reef kits, media baskets, floss, carbon/GFO, small skimmers, heaters, and return-pump maintenance.
  • Good beginner reef visual because it makes the hidden back chambers understandable.
Targeted chemical media Media Reactor

Best for reef and saltwater aquariums that need targeted phosphate, dissolved organics, or specialty media control with predictable flow.
Media reactor saltwater filtration system diagram Click to enlarge

Media Reactor

Best for reef and saltwater aquariums that need targeted phosphate, dissolved organics, or specialty media control with predictable flow.

  • Shows feed pump, inlet line, reactor body, lower sponge, media bed, diffuser, flow-control valve, outlet line, and return to sump.
  • Helps you compare activated carbon, GFO/phosphate remover, biopellets, tubing, valves, pumps, and replacement sponges.
  • Strong maintenance message: rinse media first, set flow correctly, avoid tumbling GFO too aggressively, and replace exhausted media.
Nutrient export Protein Skimmer

Best for reef tanks and saltwater aquariums where foam fractionation removes dissolved organics before they break down into nutrients.
Protein skimmer saltwater filtration system diagram Click to enlarge

Protein Skimmer

Best for reef tanks and saltwater aquariums where foam fractionation removes dissolved organics before they break down into nutrients.

  • Explains water inlet, air intake, venturi, pump, reaction chamber, rising microbubbles, foam head, neck, collection cup, and clean water outlet.
  • Useful for choosing skimmers, replacement pumps, air-intake cleaning tools, collection-cup maintenance supplies, saltwater test kits, and nutrient-control options.
  • Clear husbandry note: tune water level and airflow for stable foam, empty the cup regularly, and keep biological filtration in place.

Food & Feeding

Feeding guides, food types, and how to avoid common mistakes.
Daily feeding

Feed Less Than You Think

  • Most fish do better with small portions they finish quickly
  • Remove uneaten food before it breaks down into ammonia
  • Match food type to species, mouth size, and tank level

Open portion guide

Variety

Rotate Food Types

  • Use pellets, flakes, frozen, and specialty foods where appropriate
  • Check herbivore, carnivore, reef, and pond needs separately
  • Watch body condition, behavior, and water quality together

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Health & Water Quality

Water testing, parameters, algae, parasites, and building a stable tank.
Testing rhythm

Track Parameters

  • Test ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, pH, and temperature first
  • Use salinity, alkalinity, calcium, and phosphate for reef systems
  • React to trends instead of chasing one unusual reading

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Stability

Prevent the Crash

  • Keep biological media wet and avoid replacing everything at once
  • Do regular partial water changes matched to the system
  • Quarantine when possible and slow down major livestock additions

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Troubleshooting Center

Diagnosis-style guides for the most common aquarium problems.
Water clarity

Cloudy Water

Separate new-tank bacterial bloom, overfeeding, dirty substrate, filter problems, and green-water algae.

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Algae control

Algae Taking Over

Check light duration, nutrients, phosphate, maintenance habits, plant competition, and cleanup crew fit.

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Fish health

Sick Fish & Parasites

Spot symptoms like white dots, flashing, clamped fins, rapid breathing, fin damage, and appetite loss.

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Emergency

Ammonia or Nitrite Spike

Test immediately, protect livestock, reduce feeding, check filtration, and avoid replacing all media at once.

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Behavior clue

Fish Gasping at Surface

Prioritize oxygen, temperature, ammonia, nitrite, flow, surface agitation, and recent chemical additions.

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Reef stress

Coral Not Opening

Review salinity, alkalinity, nitrate, phosphate, lighting changes, flow, pests, and recent dips or moves.

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Still not sure what is happening?

Bring a fresh water sample, tank size, livestock list, recent test results, and clear photos of the tank or affected fish. That gives the store a much better starting point than guessing from one symptom.

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